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A Case Report: Lenalidomide-Associated High-Grade Fever in a Multiple Myeloma Patient
Haozhen Sun* Tong YinHuiAbstract
Lenalidomide, a second-generation immunomodulatory agent and potent analogue of thalidomide, is primarily FDA-approved for treating multiple myeloma (MM) and transfusion-dependent anemia associated with low or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) linked to 5q deletion, among other indications. By modulating the immune system, lenalidomide influences cytokine production, ultimately activating immune responses against tumors. However, this immune activation can result in collateral immune toxicities such as fever, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, tumor flare, and others. We present a case of highgrade fever induced by lenalidomide in a patient with MM and provide a literature review on the underlying physiology of this reaction and strategies for managing this adverse event.
